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    • Religion, language, culture, music and revolution

      • Despite enslavement and the extreme brutality of plantation life, people found ways to empower themselves. Through religion, language, culture, music and revolution, enslaved individuals and communities resisted against plantation owners and European powers.
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  2. The men, women and children who remained alive – and their descendants – labored on tobacco, rice and indigo plantations in the South and survived slavery in a number of different ways.

    • Rebellions
    • Freedom Seekers
    • The Risks of Fleeing
    • Ordinary Acts of Resistance
    • Additional References

    The Stono Rebellion in 1739, Gabriel Prosser's conspiracy in 1800, Denmark Vesey's plot in 1822, and Nat Turner's Rebellionin 1831 are the most prominent revolts by enslaved people in American history. But only the Stono Rebellion and Nat Turner's Rebellion achieved any success. White Southerners managed to derail the other planned rebellions befor...

    Running away was another form of resistance. Most freedom seekers only managed to find freedom for a short time. They might hide in a nearby forest or visit a relative or spouse on another plantation. They did so to escape a harsh punishment that had been threatened, to obtain relief from a heavy workload, or just to escape life in bondage. Others ...

    Running away was difficult. Freedom seekers had to leave family members behind and risk harsh punishment or even death if caught. Many only triumphed after multiple attempts. More freedom seekers escaped from the upper South than from the lower South, as they were closer to the North and thus closer to freedom. It was a bit easier for young men bec...

    The most common form of resistance was day-to-day resistance or small acts of rebellion. This form of resistance included sabotage, such as breaking tools or setting fire to buildings. Striking out at an enslaver's property was a way to strike at the man himself, albeit indirectly. Other methods of day-to-day resistance were feigning illness, playi...

    Ford, Lacy K. Deliver Us From Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South, 1st edition, Oxford University Press, August 15, 2009, Oxford, U.K.
    Franklin, John Hope. Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation. Loren Schweninger, Oxford University Press, 2000, Oxford, U.K.
    Raboteau, Albert J. Slave Religion: The 'Invisible Institution' in the Antebellum South, Updated edition, Oxford University Press, 2004, Oxford, U.K.
    White, Deborah Gray. Let My People Go: 1804-1860 (The Young Oxford History of African Americans), 1st edition, Oxford University Press, 1996, Oxford, U.K.
    • Lisa Vox
  3. Key points. Between 1500 and 1800, around 12-15 million people were taken by force from Africa to be used as enslaved labour in the Caribbean, North, Central and South America. Some...

  4. They developed their own means of resisting the demands and dangers of slavery—of doing what was required but knowing how to minimize the risks and dangers around them. Enslaved people taught their children important life-lessons, including how to cope with the risks and humiliations of bondage.

  5. Despite major institutional and social pushback against post-war efforts for equality, African Americans continued to fight for their rights—and education was an area wherein formerly enslaved people saw early success.

  6. 2 days ago · Slave masters monopolized armed power, severely restricting slaves’ access to weapons. Slave masters also closely monitored their slaves’ activities, limiting their movement and freedom of association. Under these circumstances, organization and planning were next to impossible.

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