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Structure of the Group 7 Elements. The elements in group 7 are known as the halogens. These are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. These elements are non-metals that are poisonous. All halogens have similar reactions as they each have seven electrons in their outermost shell.
The group 7 elements are simple covalent molecules held together with van der waals forces. The strength of these intermolecular forces increases as the Ar of the molecule increases. Therefore the strength of the van der waals forces increases down the group
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Revision notes on 2.3.1 Group 7 Trends for the Edexcel A Level Chemistry syllabus, written by the Chemistry experts at Save My Exams.
Group 7: Physical Properties. The group 7 elements are called halogens. The halogens have uses in water purification and as bleaching agents (chlorine), as flame-retardants and fire extinguishers (bromine) and as antiseptic and disinfectant agents (iodine) Colours. All halogens have distinct colours which get darker going down the group.
The Group 7 elements are oxidising agents which gain an electron when they react. The ability to oxidise decreases down Group 7. This can be shown by halogen displacement reactions where elements higher up the group will displace elements further down the group.
Groups in the periodic table - AQA Group 7 - displacement reactions. Elements in the same group of the periodic table show trends in physical properties, such as boiling point.
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Group 2 elements react with water to form hydroxides with the general formula $M(OH)_{2}$, along with hydrogen gas. For example: $$ Ca_{(s)} + 2H_{2}O_{(l)} \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2(aq)} + H_{2(g)} $$
