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Sep 3, 2021 · Document Feature: Vrba-Wetzler Report and the Auschwitz Protocols. Three remarkable eyewitness reports collectively known as the Auschwitz Protocols were among the first to document the comprehensive scale of atrocities committed by the Nazis in the now-infamous extermination camp.
The Vrba–Wetzler report is one of three documents that comprise what is known as the Auschwitz Protocols, otherwise known as the Auschwitz Report or the Auschwitz notebook. It is a 33-page eye-witness account of the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust.
- Auschwitz Protocol
- How It Was Written
- Crematoria
- Distribution
- Deportations to Auschwitz Continue
- Report's Arrival in Switzerland, Press Coverage
- Deportations Halted
The report is often referred to as the Auschwitz Protocols, although in fact the Protocols incorporated information from three reports, including the Vrba-Wetzler report. The text of the report, under the title "German Extermination Camps-Auschwitz and Birkenau," was first published in full in English on 25 November 1944 by the Executive Office of ...
The report was first written in Slovak by Vrba and Wetzler, beginning on 25 April 1944, and simultaneously translated into German by Oscar Krasniansky of the Slovakian Jewish Council in Zilina. It was written and re-written several times. Wetzler wrote the first part, Vrba the third, and the two wrote the second part together. They then worked on t...
It also contained sketches and information about the layout of the gas chambers. In a deposition for the trial of Adolf Eichmannin 1961, and in his book I Cannot Forgive (1964), Vrba said that he and Wetzler obtained the information about the gas chambers and crematoria from the Sonderkommando Filip Muller and his colleagues, who worked there. Mull...
The dates on which the report was passed to certain individuals has become a matter of importance within Holocaust historiography. This is partly because of the issue of whether the Hungarian government was aware of the gas chambers in Auschwitz before it facilitated the mass deportations, which began on 15 May, and partly because Vrba alleged that...
On 6 June 1944, the day of the Normandy landings, Arnost Rosin and Czelaw Mordowicz arrived in Slovakia, having escaped from Auschwitz on 27 May. Hearing about the Battle of Normandy and believing the war was over, they got drunk using dollars they had smuggled out of Auschwitz. As a result they were arrested for violating the currency laws, and sp...
Braham writes that the report was taken to Switzerland by Florian Manoliu of the Romanian Legation in Bern, and given to George Mantello, a Jewish businessman from Transylvania who was working as the first secretary of the El Salvador consulate in Geneva. Mantello sent his friend, a diplomat from Romania, Florian Manoliu, to Hungary, in order to fi...
Braham writes that, shortly after the Swiss coverage, several appeals were made to Horthy, including by the Swiss government, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Gustaf V of Sweden and, on 25 June, Pope Pius XII, possibly after Martilotti passed on the report. On 26 June, Richard Lichtheim of the Jewish Agency in Geneva sent a telegram to England call...
The Vrba-Wetzler Report provided rare eyewitness details previously known only to Nazis or to prisoners, most of whom died. It was one of the first documents to estimate the death toll in the camp, and one of the earliest and most comprehensive portrayals of the gas chambers, for example:
Read the eyewitness account of two escapees from Auschwitz, revealing the horrors of the Nazi death camp in 1944. A rare and valuable document from Yad Vashem.
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Abstract. On April 7, 1944, the Slovak inmates Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba managed to escape from Auschwitz, the Nazi regime’s largest concentration camp complex. Located in southern Poland, Auschwitz was made up of three main camps and 39 auxiliary camps in which tens of thousands of inmates were worked to death.
