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Pannonia was a Roman province from the 1st to the 5th century AD, covering parts of modern Hungary, Austria, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia. It was created from the conquest of the Pannonian and Dacian tribes, and later divided into several dioceses and prefectures.
- The Pannonian Revolt
- Legio X Gemina
- Legio XIV Gemina Martia Victrix
- Legio I Adiutrix
- Legio II Adiutrix
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After years of conflict with Rome, Pannonia had finally fallen under Roman control in 9 BCE. The uneasy peace that followed would not last long. After the Roman commander and future emperor Tiberius(r. 14-37 CE) withdrew legions from Pannonia and Dalmatia for his Germanic campaign in 5 CE, the two provinces seized the opportunity to rise up and rev...
The origin of Legio X Gemina (emblem: bull; birth sign: Capricorn) is unclear. Since early legions were known by a number and not a name, some historians believe X Gemina is the same 10th legion that served with Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) in Gaul and later against Pompey the Great (106-48 BCE) in the Civil Wars. It may have fought at the Battle of ...
The Legio XIV Gemina Martia Victrix (emblem: eagle wings and thunderbolts; birth sign: Capricorn) was originally formed by Julius Caesar around 57 BCE. It was destroyed in his campaign against the Belgae only to be reformed, serving with Caesar in the Civil Wars and at Thapsus in 46 BCE. Although sources are unclear, the 14th legion may have been w...
The formation of Legio I Adiutrix (emblem: Pegasus; birth sign: Capricorn) is steeped in controversy. It was formed either by Nero or Galbafrom sailors of the Misenum fleet. Failing to receive their commission from Nero, the soldiers took their appeal to the new emperor Galba. As he marched into Rome, an angrier-than-usual Galba refused their reque...
Like its sister legion, I Adiutrix, Legio II Adiutrix (emblem: Pegasus; birth sign: Capricorn) was formed from sailors from the Roman navy's fleet of Ravenna, in either 69 or 70 CE. While this fact is accepted, the question most often asked is who formed it. Some historians maintain the legion probably existed at least one year before Vespasian def...
Learn about the Roman legions that were stationed in Pannonia, a province west of the Danube, after the Pannonian Revolt in 9 CE. Find out the history, origin, and battles of Legio X Gemina, Legio XIV Gemina, Legio I Adiutrix, and Legio II Adiutrix.
- Donald L. Wasson
Information about the Roman province of Pannonia. The province was bordered along the Danube to the east and north, with Noricum and Northern Italia to the west, and with Dalmatia and Moesia to the south.
Roman Pannonia was a province in the central and western part of the Danube basin, corresponding to modern-day Hungary, western Slovakia, and parts of Austria, Croatia, and Serbia. Here's an overview:
Pannonia. The principality of Pannonia is a country in Central Europe, bordering Hungary, Romania and Serbia. With a size of 4,077 km² it is one of the smallest countries in Europe. It is approximately one and a half times larger than Luxembourg.
Pannonia Secunda was a Roman province in the Balkans from 296 to the 5th century. It had Sirmium as its capital and was part of the Diocese of Pannonia.
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This chapter describes key aspects of late Roman defensive responses in northern Italy and Pannonia and examines the policy and strategy being played out in these.
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