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In this chapter, polarized light will in general be taken to mean elliptically polarized light, which includes circularly and linearly (plane) polarized light as special cases.
In this chapter, polarized light will in general be taken to mean elliptically polarized light, which includes circularly and linearly (plane) polarized light as special cases. The state of polarization can be described by specifying
- Einit = E0 cosθ xˆei(kz−ωt) (24)
- 5 Polarization in the real world
- 7 Quarter and half-wave plates
So that the result is still linearly polarized but now in the xˆ direction with magnitude E0cosθ. Since the intensity of radiation is proportional to the square of the field, we would find that a polarizer oriented at an angle θ to the direction of propagation reduces the intensity This is known as Malus’ law.
The key facts which let us understand why natural light is polarized are 1) that the electric field makes charged particles move in the direction of E and 2) moving charged particles produce electric fields along their direction of motion. Fact 1) and the consequent absorption of energy of the electric field is the mechanism behind the polaroid fil...
Suppose we have a plane wave moving in the zˆ direction whose electric field is polarized in the xˆ + y ˆ direction. Say this wave passes through a calcite crystal of thickness L whose optical axes are aligned with the xˆ and y ˆ directions. The initial electric field is
- 282KB
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Polarization describes the direction of the oscillating electric field, a distinct concept from dipoles per volume in a material P – also called polarization. In this chapter, we develop a formalism for describing polarized light and the effect of devices that modify polarization.
- 764KB
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The intensity of light is proportional to the square of the electric eld amplitude. Thus the intensity transmitted by both Polaroids can be expressed as: I ( ) = E2 = E2 cos2. y0. If I0 = E2 is the intensity between the two Polaroids, the intensity transmitted by both of them would be: ( ) = I0 cos2.
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In general, the optical field is elliptically polarized, but there are several combinations of amplitude and phase that are especially important. These are called degenerate polarization states: (1) linearly horizontal/vertical polarized light (LHP/LVP), (2) linear ±45° polarized light (L+45P/L–45P), and (3) right/left
Goals: (1) Predict, measure, and evaluate the behavior of the transmitted intensity of light as a function of distance from the source. (2) Predict, measure, and evaluate the behavior of the transmitted intensity of light through polarizing sheets, as a function of the angle between the transmission axes of the sheets Procedure
