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- The two most important French masters were François-André Danican Philidor, a musician by profession, who discovered the importance of pawns for chess strategy, and later Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais, who won a famous series of matches against Irish master Alexander McDonnell in 1834.
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The two most important French masters were François-André Danican Philidor, a musician by profession, who discovered the importance of pawns for chess strategy, and later Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais who won a famous series of matches with the Irish master Alexander McDonnell in 1834. [75]
Jun 15, 2022 · The two most important French masters were François-André Danican Philidor, a musician by profession, who discovered the importance of pawns for chess strategy, and later Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais, who won a famous series of matches against Irish master Alexander McDonnell in 1834.
Jul 10, 2024 · - Etienne Bacrot: A Grandmaster who became the youngest French champion at age 16, Bacrot has been a leading figure in French chess for over two decades. - Marie Sebag: A prominent female player, Sebag holds the titles of Grandmaster (GM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM).
- Alireza Firouzja. Full name: Alireza Firouzja. Title: Grandmaster. Born: 2003. World ranking: #3. Rapid: 2670. Blitz: 2791. Classical: 2804.
- Maxime Vachier-Lagrave. Full name: Maxime Vachier-Lagrave. Title: Grandmaster. Born: 1990. World ranking: 15. Rapid: 2743. Blitz: 2813. Classical: 2750.
- Jules Moussard. Full name: Jules Moussard. Title: Grandmaster. Born: 1995. World ranking: #97. Rapid: 2626. Blitz: 2589. Classical: 2651. Profiles.
- Etienne Bacrot. Full name: Etienne Bacrot. Title: Grandmaster. Born: 1983. World ranking: number 120. Rapid: 2720. Blitz: 2673. Classical: 2638.
- Origin
- India
- East Asia
- Arab World
- Russia
- Europe
- Origins of The Modern Game
- Modern Competitive Chess
- Birth of A Sport
- Post-War Era
Precursors to chess originated in India during theGupta Empire.There, its early form in the 6th century was known aschaturaṅga, which translates as "four divisions (of the military)":infantry,cavalry,elephantry, andchariotry. These forms are represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively. Ch...
The earliest precursor of modern chess is a game calledchaturanga, which flourished in India by the 6th century, and is the earliest known game to have two essential features found in all later chess variations—different pieces having different powers (which was not the case withcheckersandGo), and victory depending on the fate of one piece, the ki...
Thailand and Cambodia
The Thai variant of chess,makruk, and the CambodianOuk-Chatrangare considered the closest living relatives to chaturanga, retaining the vizier, non-checkered board, limited promotion, offset kings, and elephant-like bishop move.
China
As a strategy board game played in China, chess is believed to have been derived from the Indian chaturanga.Chaturanga was transformed into the gamexiangqiwhere the pieces are placed on the intersection of the lines of the board rather than within the squares.The object of the Chinese variation is similar to chaturanga, i.e. to render helpless the opponent's king, known as "general" on one side and "governor" on the other.Chinese chess also borrows elements from the game ofGo, which was playe...
Japan
A prominent variant of chess in East Asia is the game ofshogi, transmitted from India to China and Korea before finally reaching Japan.The three distinguishing features of shogi are: 1. The captured pieces may be reused by the captor and played as a part of the captor's forces. 2. Pawns capture as they move, one square straight ahead. 3. The board is 9×9, with a second gold general on the other side of the king. Drops were not originally part of shogi. In the 13th century, shogi underwent an...
Chess passed from Persia to the Arab world, where its name changed to Arabicshatranj. From there it passed to Western Europe, probably via Spain. Over the centuries, features of European chess (e.g. the modern moves of queen and bishop, and castling) found their way via trade into Islamic areas. Murray'ssources found the old moves of queen and bish...
Chess has 1000 years of history in Russia. Chess was probably brought toOld Russiain 9th century via theVolga-Caspiantrade route. From the 10th century cultural connections with theByzantine Empireand theVikingsalso influenced the history of chess in Russia. The vocabulary in Russian chess has various foreign-language elements and testifies to diff...
Early history
Shatranjmade its way via the expandingIslamicArabianempire toEurope.It also spread to theByzantine empire, where it was calledzatrikion. Chess appeared inSouthern Europeduring the end of the first millennium, often introduced to new lands by conquering armies, such as theNorman Conquest of England.Previously little known, chess became popular in Northern Europe when figure pieces were introduced. In the 14th century,Timurplayed an enlarged variation of the game which is commonly referred to a...
Shapes of pieces
The pieces, which had been nonrepresentational in Islamic countries (seepiece values in shantranj), changed shape in Christian cultures. Carved images of men and animals reappeared. The shape of the rook, originally a rectangular block with a V-shaped cut in the top, changed; the two top parts separated by the split tended to get long and hang over, and in some old pictures look like horses' heads. The split top of the piece now called the bishop was interpreted as a bishop's mitre or a fool'...
Names of pieces
The following table provides a glimpse of the changes in names and character of chess pieces as they crossed from India through Persia to Europe: The game, as played during the early Middle Ages, was slow, with many games lasting days.Some variations in rules began to change the shape of the game by the year 1300.A notable, but initially unpopular, change was the ability of the pawn to move two places in the first move instead of one. In Europe some of the pieces gradually received new names:...
The queen and bishop remained relatively weak untilbetween 1475 AD and 1500 AD, probably in Spain (in the kingdom of Valencia), or perhaps Portugal, France or Italy, the queen's and bishop's modern moves started and spread, making chess close to its modern form. The first document showing the Queen (or Dama) moving this way is an allegorical poem w...
Competitive chess became visible in 1834 with theLa Bourdonnais-McDonnell matches, and the1851 London Chess tournamentraised concerns about the time taken by the players to deliberate their moves. On recording time it was found that players often took hours to analyze moves, and one player took as much as two hours and 20 minutes to think over a si...
The first modern chess tournament washeld in London in 1851and won, surprisingly, by GermanAdolf Anderssen, who was relatively unknown at the time. Anderssen was hailed as the leading chess master, and his brilliant, energetic attacking style became typical for the time, although it was retrospectively regarded asstrategicallyshallow.Sparkling game...
After the death of Alekhine, a new World Champion was sought in a tournament of elite players ruled by FIDE, who have controlled the title since then, with a sole interruption. The winner of the 1948 tournament, RussianMikhail Botvinnik, ushered in an era ofSovietdominance in the chess world. Until the end of the Soviet Union, there was only one no...
The two most important French masters were Francois-Andre Danican Philidor, a musician by profession, who discovered the importance of pawns for chess strategy, and later Louis-Charles Mahe de La Bourdonnais who won a famous series of matches with the British master Alexander McDonnell in 1834 using a far more complicated strategy than had been ...
Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais (1795 – December 1840) was a French chess master, possibly the strongest player in the early 19th century.
