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Major general of volunteers
- On May 4, 1898, he was appointed major general of volunteers and was sent to the Philippines with reinforcements for General Wesley Merritt. Otis assumed command of the Eighth Army Corps, replacing Merritt, who had become the military governor of the Philippines.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elwell_Stephen_Otis
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Elwell Stephen Otis (March 25, 1838 – October 21, 1909) was a United States Army general who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, the Philippines late in the Spanish–American War and during the Philippine–American War.
General Merritt was succeeded by General Elwell S. Otis as military governor, who in turn was succeeded by General Arthur MacArthur. Major General Adna Chaffee was the final military governor.
- Manila
- August 14, 1898 [62]
- War powers authority of the President
Jun 15, 2015 · In May 1898, President William McKinley appointed Otis as Major General of Volunteers; he was sent to the Philippines where he later became Military Governor.
- Order of Battle
- Disposition of Forces
- First Shots
- Reactions of Aguinaldo and Otis
- Battle
- Memorial
- References
- Further Reading
Filipino
Philippine Republican Army – General Emilio Aguinaldo 1. Chief-of-Operations: General Antonio Luna
U.S.
Eighth Army Corps – Major General Elwell S. Otis 1. Provost Marshal: Brigadier General Robert P. Hughes 2. Judge Advocate General: Lieutenant Colonel Enoch Crowder 3. Chief of Engineers: Major James Franklin Bell
Filipino forces
After the surrender of Manila to American forces by the Spanish in 1898, General Aguinaldo demanded the occupation of a line of blockhouses on the Zapote Line, which had been the Spanish defensive perimeter. General Otis initially refused this but later said that he would not object unless overruled by higher authority.It was estimated at the time that about 20,000 Filipino troops were surrounding Manila, with their distribution and exact composition only partially known. Many Filipino comman...
American forces
U.S. Army forces numbered some 800 officers and 20,000 enlisted men. Of these, the Army deployed some 8,000 in Manila and 11,000 in a defensive line inside the Zapote line. The remaining American troops were in Cavite or in transports off Iloilo.
Sources generally agree that the first shots were fired by Private William Walter Grayson (April 9, 1876, England - March 20, 1941, San Francisco, United States), an Englishman who had migrated to Nebraska with his parents c.1890. Having worked as a hostler, he had enlisted as a volunteer soldier in Lincoln, Nebraska, in May 1898, a month after the...
Aguinaldo was away in Maloloswhen the conflict started on the 4th. That same night, a Filipino captain in Manila wired him in Malolos, stating that the Americans had started the hostilities. Aguinaldo wanted to avoid open conflict with the Americans while maintaining his leadership position with his nationalist followers. The next day (February 5),...
Caught off guard by the sudden outburst, the Filipinos remained in their trenches and exchanged fire with the Americans. A Filipino battalion mounted a charge against the 3rd U.S. Artillery, routed a company of American soldiers, and succeeded in capturing two artillery pieces for a little while. The Filipino troops had been caught unprepared and l...
While it was previously thought that the shot had been fired on San Juan Bridge, in 1999 was found that it was fired on Silencio Street in Sta. Mesa, Manila. The marker was moved there from the bridge in 2003.
Wildman, Edwin (1901). Aguinaldo: A Narrative of Filipino Ambitions. Lothrop Publishing Company. pp. 195-205.
Aguinaldo, Emilio (September 23, 1899). "Chapter XIX. Outbreak of Hostilities". True Version of the Philippine Revolution.Silbey, David J. (February 4, 2013). "February 4, 1899: The Start of the Philippine-American War and Patron-Client Fighting". Command Posts. Archived from the originalon March 16, 2013.Arcilla, Jose S. (1989). "The Fall of Manila: Excerpts from a Jesuit Diary". Philippine Studies. 37 (2). Ateneo de Manila University: 192–214. JSTOR 42634584– via Jstor.- February 4-5, 1899
- Manila, Philippines
By 1 November General Otis had captured the insurgent capital and pushed Aguinaldo deep into Luzon. Otis was becoming desperate to stop driving into the insurgents, only to have them run away; he wanted to contain and then annihilate them.
Mar 2, 2024 · He departed for the Philippines on July 15, 1898 and once there relieved Major General Wesley Merritt as Commanding General and Military Governor of the Islands, August 29, 1898. Conducted operations against insurgents and performed duties of military Governor until May 5, 1900.
Nov 13, 2018 · Report of Major-General E. S. Otis on Military Operations and Civil Affairs in the Philippine Islands, 1899. Philippines Military Governor, 1898-1899 (Elwell S Otis), Elwell Stephen Otis....
