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9th century BCE
- First settled 9th century BCE
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May 21, 2015 · On August 19, 1955, the city of Medina in King County officially incorporates. The long and winding road to incorporation includes a political footrace with the larger city of Bellevue, which is seeking to annex the community. Medina is located along the eastern shore of Lake Washington northwest of Bellevue. Medina and the Three Points.
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Medina, city located in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, about 100 miles (160 km) inland from the Red Sea and 275 miles (445 km) from Mecca by road. It is the second holiest city in Islam, after Mecca.
Medina is celebrated as the place from which Muhammad established the Muslim community (ummah) after his flight from Mecca (622 ce) and is where his body is entombed. A pilgrimage is made to his tomb in the city’s chief mosque. Pop. (2010) 1,100,093.
The residents of Medina are Arabic-speaking Muslims, most of whom belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. The city is one of the most populous in Saudi Arabia, and it is common for Muslims who make the pilgrimage to settle in the city. Farming and pottery making are important occupations.
The earliest history of Medina is obscure, though it is known that there were Jewish settlers there in pre-Christian times. But the main influx of Jews would seem to have taken place as the result of their expulsion from Palestine by the Roman emperor Hadrian about 135 ce. It is probable that the Arab tribes of Aws and Khazraj were then in occupation of the oasis, but the Jews were the dominant factor in the population and development of the area by 400 ce. In that year Abu Karib Asʿad, the Sabaean king of Yemen, visited the colony and imbibed the lore and teaching of the Jewish rabbis with the result that he adopted the religion of the Jews and made it the state religion of Yemen on his return, in supersession of the local paganism.
On September 20, 622, the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad at Medina, in flight from Mecca, introduced a new chapter into the history of the oasis. This flight (hijrah; sometimes transliterated Hegira) marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. Soon thereafter the Jews, at first treated with indulgence, were driven out of all their settlements in Hejaz. Medina became the administrative capital of the steadily expanding Islamic state, a position it maintained until 661, when it was superseded in that role by Damascus, the capital of the Umayyad caliphs.
After the caliph’s sack of the city in 683 for its fractiousness, the native emirs enjoyed a fluctuating measure of independence, interrupted by the aggressions of the sharifs of Mecca or controlled by the intermittent Egyptian protectorate.
The Turks, following their conquest of Egypt, held Medina after 1517 with a firmer hand, but their rule weakened and was almost nominal long before the Wahhābīs, an Islamic puritanical group, first took the city in 1804. A Turko-Egyptian force retook it in 1812, and the Turks remained in effective control until the revival of the Wahhābī movement under Ibn Saud after 1912. Between 1904 and 1908 the Turks built the Hejaz railroad to Medina from Damascus in an attempt at strengthening the empire and ensuring Ottoman control over the hajj, the obligatory Muslim pilgrimage to the nearby holy city of Mecca. Turkish rule ceased during World War I, when Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, the sharif of Mecca, revolted and put the railroad out of commission, with the assistance of the British officer T.E. Lawrence (“Lawrence of Arabia”). Ḥusayn later came into conflict with Ibn Saud, and in 1925 the city fell to the Saʿūd dynasty.
Soon after, the people of Medina secretly entered an agreement with Ibn Saud in 1924, and his son, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz conquered Medina as part of the Saudi conquest of Hejaz on 5 December 1925 which gave way to the whole of the Hejaz being incorporated into the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia. Prior to 20th century. Part of a series on the. History of Saudi Arabia. Ancient Arabia. Early Islamic State. Rashidun Caliphate. Umayyad and Abbasid periods. Sharifate of Mecca. Ottoman rule. Jabrids. Bani Khalid Emirate. Emirate of Diriyah. Mu'ammarid Imamate.
The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina, [2] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation).
Feb 4, 2021 · The name al-Madīnah (Medina) is generally understood to have been coined after the Prophet’s migration, when it began to be called Madīnat al-Nabī (the city of the Prophet) and then shortened to al-Madīnah.
Dec 18, 2020 · The Constitution of Medina, sometimes also called the “Ummah Document” 1, is a charter that contains the first legal and administrative principles regarding the obligations and rights between the Muslims and the inhabitants of Yathrib, later also called al-Madinah, or simply Medina (ANTHONY, 2020).
