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The Appomattox campaign was a series of American Civil War battles fought March 29 – April 9, 1865, in Virginia that concluded with the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to forces of the Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the James and Army of the Shenandoah) under the overall command of ...
- March 29-April 9, 1865(1 week and 4 days)
- Overview
- Context
- Battle
- Surrender and aftermath
Battle of Appomattox Court House, (April 9, 1865), one of the final battles of the American Civil War. After a weeklong flight westward from Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee briefly engaged Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant before surrendering to the Union at Appomattox Court House. This signaled the beginning of the end ...
Grant and his Army of the Potomac began their siege of Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, in June 1864. After weathering nearly 10 months of starvation and desertions, Lee resolved to abandon the cities altogether and regroup in North Carolina with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. First, however, Lee hoped to reverse his fortunes and attacked Fort Stedman outside Petersburg on March 25, 1865. Lee’s failure at Fort Stedman and a spectacular defeat at Five Forks on April 1 forced Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia to evacuate Richmond and Petersburg on the night of April 2, 1865.
American Civil War Events
Battle of Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861 - April 14, 1861
Shenandoah Valley campaigns
July 1861 - March 1865
On April 8 Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia paused its march a mile from the small village of Appomattox Court House. Lee intended to resupply there before heading to Lynchburg, Virginia, and then south to Danville, Virginia. Unanticipated was the arrival of Union cavalry coming from the south under Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s command. That evening Union Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer successfully led some of the cavalry against the Confederate supply trains at the nearby Appomattox Station. Although shaken, Lee hoped to break through to Lynchburg the next day.
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On the morning of April 9, Lee ordered his cavalry, under the command of Gen. John B. Gordon, to attack Sheridan’s cavalry, which had blocked the Richmond-Lynchburg Stage Road. Lee commanded an army of nearly 27,000 soldiers, which paled in comparison to Grant’s force of some 63,000 troops, but he still intended to force his way through Union lines. The Confederate cavalry initially held their own and even succeeded in driving the Union horsemen from their position atop a nearby ridge. However, Gordon saw thousands of Union troops quickly approaching and sent word to Lee that his position was hopeless unless the infantry supported them. Lee’s infantry, however, was engaged with Grant’s Army of the James, which had approached the Confederates from the west under cover of night. Faced with no route of escape to Lynchburg, Lee agreed to negotiate terms of surrender.
Grant agreed to let Lee choose the meeting place at which they would discuss terms, so his aide chose the home of Wilmer McLean, a retired Virginia militia officer. With McLean’s consent, Lee arrived at 1:00 pm. Grant is said to have arrived a half hour later. Under the terms of surrender, Grant would not charge any member of the Army of Northern Virginia with treason, instead placing them on parole after the confiscation of their weapons. Lee agreed to these terms and departed the McLean residence at 4:00 pm.
While Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House marked the end of the war in Virginia, it was not the end of the Civil War as a whole. Johnston’s Army of Tennessee was still being chased by Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman. Smaller Confederate armies continued to fight throughout the Deep South and west of the Mississippi River. The war would not be officially declared won for the Union until August 20, 1866.
Nov 9, 2009 · The Appomattox Court House, located in Virginia, is where Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865, bringing an end to the Civil War.
Apr 9, 2011 · Trapped by the Federals near Appomattox Court House, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union general Ulysses S. Grant, precipitating the capitulation of other Confederate forces and leading to the end of the bloodiest conflict in American history. How it ended.
Oct 23, 2012 · The surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia – the most celebrated Confederate army – followed a defeat in the final battle of the war in Virginia. The Battle of Appomattox Court House was the climax of a campaign that began eleven days earlier at the Battle of Lewis’ Farm. Robert E. Lee Library of Congress.
Apr 5, 2019 · Appomattox Campaign Significance. The Appomattox Campaign is important to United States history because it ended the participation of Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia in hostilities, paving the way for the end of the Civil War. The outcome of the campaign was a Union victory.
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Appomattox Introduction. he surrender of Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ended the Civil War.
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