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AdNucleic acid visualization | Nucleic acid quantification
Learn how to determine the concentration and purity of nucleic acids. Nucleic acid concentration and purity can be analyzed using different methods.
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What is a nucleic acid sequence?
How is a nucleic acid sequence translated into a protein?
Why is a nucleic acid sequence called a primary structure?
What is a nucleic acid?
How do nucleic acids differ?
What is a biological sequence?
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. This succession is denoted by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of the nucleotides.
- How Nucleic Acids Work
- Function of Nucleic Acids
- Examples of Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic Acids and Genetics
- Nucleic Acid Structure
- Monomer of Nucleic Acids
The name comes from the fact that these molecules are acids – that is, they are good at donating protons and accepting electron pairs in chemical reactions – and the fact that they were first discovered in the nuclei of our cells. Typically, a nucleic acid is a large molecule made up of a string, or “polymer,” of units called “nucleotides.”All life...
Nucleic Acids Store Information Like Computer Code
By far the most important function of nucleic acids for living things is their role as carriers of information. Because nucleic acids can be created with four “bases,” and because “base pairing rules” allow information to be “copied” by using one strand of nucleic acids as a template to create another, these molecules are able to both contain and copy information. To understand this process, it may be useful to compare the DNA code to the binary code used by computers. The two codes are very...
Protecting the Information
Because the DNA source code is just as vital to a cell as your operating system is to your computer, DNA must be protected from potential damage. To transport DNA’s instructions to other parts of the cell, copies of its information are made using another type of nucleic acid – RNA. It’s these RNA copies of genetic information which are sent out of the nucleus and around the cell to be used as instructions by cellular machinery. Cells also use nucleic acids for other purposes. Ribosomes– the c...
The most common nucleic acids in nature are DNA and RNA. These molecules form the foundation for the majority of life on Earth, and they store the information necessary to create proteins which in turn complete the functions necessary for cells to survive and reproduce. However, DNA and RNA are not the only nucleic acids. However, artificial nuclei...
The Genetic Code
Today, scientists know that the source code for cells is quite literally written in nucleic acids. Genetic engineeringchanges organisms’ traits by adding, removing, or rewriting parts of their DNA – and subsequently changing what “parts” the cells produce. A sufficiently skilled genetic “programmer” can create the instructions for a living cell from scratch using the nucleic acid code. Scientists did exactly that in 2010, using an artificial DNA synthesizer to “write” a genome from scratch us...
Nucleic Acids are Polymers of Nucleotides
DNA and RNA are both polymers made of individual nucleotides. The term “polymer” comes from “poly” for “many” and “mer” for parts, referring to the fact that each nucleic acid is made of many nucleotides. Because nucleic acids can be made naturally by reacting inorganic ingredients together, and because they are arguably the most essential ingredient for life on Earth, some scientists believe that the very first “life” on Earth may have been a self-replicating sequence of amino acidsthat was...
Because nucleic acids can form huge polymers which can take on many shapes, there are several ways to discuss the “structure of nucleic acid”. It can mean something as simple as the sequence of nucleotides in a piece of DNA, or something as complex as the way that DNA molecule folds and how it interacts with other molecules. Nucleic acids are forme...
Nucleotides are the individual monomers of a nucleic acid. These molecules are fairly complex, consisting of a nitrogenous base plus a sugar-phosphate “backbone.” There are four basic types of nucleotide, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). When our cells join nucleotides together to form the polymers called nucleic acids, it b...
- Gabe Buckley
A nucleic acid sequence, the messenger RNA or mRNA, is translated into the protein it encodes by means of transfer RNAs interacting with the ribosomal apparatus. Transfer RNAs bind to three nucleotides at a time and thus divide the nucleic acid sequence into triplet codons, each specifying one amino acid.
Oct 21, 2024 · nucleic acid, naturally occurring chemical compound that serves as the main information-carrying molecule of the cell and that directs the process of protein synthesis, thereby determining the inherited characteristics of every living thing.
- Richard J. Roberts
- Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells. They play an especially...
- Nucleic acids are long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of...
- Each nucleic acid contains four of five possible nitrogen-containing bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). A...
- Nucleic acids were discovered in 1869 by Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher.
Jun 29, 2024 · The nucleic acids consist of two major macromolecules, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) that carry the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and viruses. Both consist of polymers of a sugar-phosphate-sugar backbone with organic heterocyclic bases attached to ...
Mar 28, 2019 · A biological sequence is a single, linear, molecule of nucleic acid or protein referred to as the primary structure of the biological macromolecule. Sequence analysis of this primary structure is a key way of understanding the biology of an organism.
Aug 23, 2021 · The nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, may be thought of as the information molecules of the cell. In this section, we will examine the structures of DNA and RNA, and how these structures are related to the functions these molecules perform.
