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Mukachevo (Ukrainian: Мукачево, pronounced [mʊˈkɑt͡ʃewo] ⓘ; Hungarian: Munkács [ˈmuŋkaːt͡ʃ]; see name section) is a city in Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. It is situated in the valley of the Latorica River and serves as the administrative center of Mukachevo Raion .
On the eve of the Holocaust, Munkács (Mukačevo) was the largest and most important Jewish community in Subcarpathian Rus', Czechoslovakia. It was an Eastern European thriving community, known for its religious fervor, as well as substantial Zionist activities.
Munkacs (Hungarian; Munkatsh, phonetic; Mukachevo, Ukr.; Mukacevo, Czech and Slov.) was the commercial capital of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Its many names reflect the cultural crossroads of its location.
- Pre-War Munkacs
- Hungarian Occupation
- Deportation
- Liberation
- Present-Day Mukachevo
Jews lived in Munkacs and the surrounding villages as early as the second half of the seventeenth century. By 1851, Munkacs was home to a large yeshiva. The Jews of the region were among the poorest in Europe, many living in rural areas and working in agriculture. Munkacs had a large Hasidic community. On the eve of the Holocaust, there were nearly...
Following the Munich Agreement in 1938, Czechoslovakia was divided up and Hungary annexed Munkacs and the surrounding region. There was widespread Hungarian antisemitism and life became difficult for Munkacs’ Jews. Polish and Russian Jewish residents, as well as native Jews who could not prove their citizenship, were deported over the Ukrainian bor...
In March 1944, the Nazis invaded Hungary and occupied the Subcarpathian Rus, taking over control of Munkács from the Hungarians. “Things began to happen very quickly,” remarked Herman, “the Germans tightened guard on the ghetto, fences were reinforced and even more barbed wire was erected. It was now impossible to sneak in and out... All contact wi...
An estimated 2,000 Munkacs Jews survived the Holocaust. As Munkacs was one of the last ghettos in Europe to be emptied, the Carpathian Jews had a relatively higher survival rate. In 1945, around 1,000 of these returned, searching for family members. David Herman and his brother Abraham Herman were two of them. He recalls: “we had difficulty recogni...
Today, Munkacs is known as Mukachevo, and out of a population of over 85,000, only about one hundred Jews remain. However, Mukachevo is experiencing something of a Jewish renaissance, with the establishment of a kosher kitchen, mikveh, Jewish summer camp and daily prayer services. In 2006, a new synagogue was dedicated on the site of a pre-war Hasi...
Today, Munkács, or Mukachevo in Ukrainian, is a city in the Transcarpathian region of the Ukraine. Until 1919, it belonged to Hungary. It then became part of Czechoslovakia until 1938, and from 1938 to 1945 it was again part of Hungary.
One of the most progressive Jewish high schools in Eastern Europe. Classical education was taught there, in Hebrew. Young women and men studied together and equally. An openness not always welcomed by some Orthodox representatives, threatening parents of students and teachers with excommunication.
Nov 14, 2022 · Mukačevo doesn’t look like this now, nor did it look like this in the 1930s. When I was growing up, Mukačevo was a city with a population of about 45,000 people. Streets and sidewalks were concrete or cobblestone and were lined with colorful concrete (stucco) buildings.
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