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Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic or alkaline medium, red litmus paper turns blue.
Litmus turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions and is the oldest and most commonly used indicator of whether a substance is an acid or a base. Treatment of the lichens with ammonia, potash, and lime in the presence of air produces the various coloured components of litmus.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jan 20, 2021 · Lichens have been a source of litmus from the 16th century into modern times. Currently, the main sources of litmus are the species Roccella montagnei and Dendrographa leucophoea.
Jan 16, 2023 · Litmus is produced from extracts from several species of lichen which grow on rocks. A British Lichen Society bulletin from 1982 references a company in the Netherlands that it claims, at the time, was “probably the only company now in the western world that produces litmus from lichens.”
Litmus paper is a filter paper that has been treated with a lichen-provided natural-soluble dye. Litmus paper is a piece of paper that produces a result which can be used as a pH indicator. Litmus is mainly used to assess whether a solution is acidic or basic.
May 9, 2018 · litmus, organic dye usually used in the laboratory as an indicator of acidity or alkalinity (see acids and bases [1]). Naturally pink in color, it turns blue in alkali solutions and red in acids. Commonly, paper is treated with the coloring matter to form so-called litmus paper.
