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Michael Shamberg (born May 4, 1945) [1] is an American film producer and former Time–Life correspondent. Life and career. His credits include Erin Brockovich, A Fish Called Wanda, Garden State, Gattaca, Pulp Fiction and The Big Chill.
Michael H. Shamberg (October 27, 1952 – November 1, 2014) was an American music video producer and filmmaker known for his work with the British band, New Order.
- Background
- Incident
- Aftermath
- Legacy
- See Also
- Sources
- Further Reading
- External Links
In the 18th century, Boston was the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, an important shipping town, and along with Philadelphia and present-day New York City, one of the most influential political, economic, and cultural cities in the Thirteen Colonies of pre-Revolutionary British America. Boston also was a center of resistance to unpopul...
On the evening of March 5, Private Hugh White stood on guard duty outside the Boston Custom House on King Street (today known as State Street). A wigmaker's apprentice, approximately 13 years old, named Edward Garrick called out to Captain-Lieutenant John Goldfinch, accusing him of refusing to pay a bill due to Garrick's master. Goldfinch had settl...
Investigation
Hutchinson immediately began investigating the affair, and Preston and the eight soldiers were arrested by the next morning. Boston's selectmen then asked him to order the troops to move from the city out to Castle William on Castle Island, while colonists held a town meeting at Faneuil Hall to discuss the affair. The governor's council was initially opposed to ordering the troop withdrawal, and Hutchinson explained he did not have the authority to order the troops to move. Lieutenant Colonel...
Media battle
In the days and weeks following the incident, a propaganda battle was waged between Patriots and Loyalists in Boston. Both sides published pamphlets that told strikingly different stories, which were principally published in London in a bid to influence opinion there. The Boston Gazette'sversion of events, for example, characterized the massacre as part of an ongoing scheme to "quell a Spirit of Liberty", and harped on the negative consequences of quartering troops in the city. Henry Pelham w...
Trials
The government was determined to give the soldiers a fair trial so that there could be no grounds for retaliation from the British and so that moderates would not be alienated from the Patriot cause. Several lawyers refused to defend Preston due to their Loyalist leanings,[clarification needed] so he sent a request to John Adams, pleading for him to work on the case. Adams was already a leading Patriot and was contemplating a run for public office, but he agreed to help in the interest of ens...
Contribution to American Revolution
The Boston Massacre is considered one of the most significant events that turned colonial sentiment against King George III and British Parliamentary authority. John Adams wrote that the "foundation of American independence was laid" on March 5, 1770, and Samuel Adams and other Patriots used annual commemorations (Massacre Day) to encourage public sentiment toward independence.Christopher Monk was the boy who was wounded in the attack and died in 1780, and his memory was honored as a reminder...
Commemorations
The massacre was remembered in 1858 in a celebration organized by William Cooper Nell, a black abolitionist who saw the death of Crispus Attucks as an opportunity to demonstrate the role of African Americans in the Revolutionary War. Artwork was produced commemorating the massacre, changing the color of a victim's skin to black to emphasize Attucks' death. In 1888, the Boston Massacre Monument was erected on the Boston Common in memory of the men killed in the massacre, and the five victims w...
A Fair Account of the Late Unhappy Disturbance at Boston. London: B. White. 1770. p. 3. OCLC 535966548.Original printing of a reply to "A Short Narrative…", supplying several depositions, including...A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre. London: W. Bingley. 1770. OCLC 510892519.Original printing of the report of a committee of the town of Boston.Adams, John (1962). Butterfield, L.H. (ed.). Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. OCLC 19993300.Allison, Robert J. (2006). The Boston Massacre. Beverly, MA: Applewood Books. ISBN 978-1-933212-10-4. OCLC 66392877.Hinderaker, Eric (2017). Boston's Massacre. Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674048331.Reid, John Phillip (1974). "A Lawyer Acquitted: John Adams and the Boston Massacre". American Journal of Legal History. 18 (3): 189–207. doi:10.2307/845085. ISSN 0002-9319. JSTOR 845085.Ritter, Kurt W (1977). "Confrontation as Moral Drama: the Boston Massacre in Rhetorical Perspective". Southern Speech Communication Journal. 42 (1): 114–136. doi:10.1080/10417947709372339. ISSN 036...Zabin, Serena (2020). The Boston Massacre: A Family History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780544911154.During a protest on 5 March 1770, outnumbered British soldiers panicked and opened fire, killing five Americans in what became known as 'the Boston Massacre'. [NLS reference: E.136.e.4(2)] This item featured in our display about American independence, which ran from 4 July to 16 September 2012.
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Summary: A sensationalized portrayal of the skirmish, later to become known as the "Boston Massacre," between British soldiers and citizens of Boston on March 5, 1770. On the right a group of seven uniformed soldiers, on the signal of an officer, fire into a crowd of civilians at left.
