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Definitions and Concepts for AQA Chemistry A-level. Physical Chemistry I. 1.1: Atomic Structure. Acceleration: Second stage of TOF spectrometry. The positively charged ions are accelerated by an electric field so that they have the same kinetic energy. Atom: The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.
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Definitions and Concepts for AQA Chemistry A-level. Organic Chemistry I. 3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Chain isomers: Isomers that occur due to the branching in the carbon chain. Displayed formula: A type of structural isomer that shows all the bonds between every atom in the compound. E.g.
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GCSE Chemistry Key Words Empirical formula: The smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound. *Fine particles:-Fine particles (PM 2.5) have diameters between 100 and 2500 nm (1 x 10 7 m and 2.5 x 10-6 m). Fullerenes: Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structures
Organic chemistry describes the structures, properties, preparation, and reactions of a vast array of molecules that we call organic compounds. There are many different types of organic compounds, but all have carbon as their principal constituent atom.
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Learning Objectives: Explain chemistry in terms of its small pieces: electrons, protons, nuclei, and photons. Draw Lewis structures and bond-line structures from molecular formulas. Use chemical formulas to calculate degrees of unsaturation in molecular structures.
Radical Addition. Radical addition reactions involve the addition of a reactive species with an unpaired electron (Z.) (a radical or free radical) to a multiple bond to give an intermediate that also has an unpaired electron as we show in the general equation for addition of a radical to an alkene in Figure 10.04.
Similarly, reduction of an organic compound generally involves concomitant oxidation of inorganic reagents. Redox Reactions Involve Electron Transfer (17.1A) Oxidation and reduction reactions (redox reactions) involve the overall transfer of electrons from one species to another species.
